Women's NGO Coalition
  Botswana, Africa

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What is Rape?

Rape is defined in section 2 of the Penal Code (Admendment Act) No. 5 of 1998, It read as follows:

     “Any person who has unlawful carnal knowledge of another person, or who causes penetration of a sexual organ or instrument, of whatever nature, into another person for the purpose of sexual gratification, or who causes the penetration of another person’s sexual organ into his or her person, without the consent of such other person or with such other person’s consent if the consent is obtained by force or means of threats or intimidation of any kind, by means of false pretences as to the nature of the act, or in the case of a married person that person’s spouse, is guilty of the offence termed rape.”

This is the legal definition of rape.

Rape beyond legalities can be seen as being on a continuum which sees rape as an act of violence against women. That is men using physical and sexual violence to maintain control and assert power over women.  

The continuum looks as follows:

 

Jokes….verbal threats/harassment…..physical threats/harassment………rape…….rape-murder

It first begins with what may appear as innocent comments but this continues and increases to rude comments directed towards women, harassing women sexually and physically and then rape which could ultimately lead to murder.

 

Rape is one of the most under reported crimes.

Why?

  • Shame

  • Fear of not being believed

  • Fear of blame

  • Fear of being rejected by family, friends and partner

  • Fear of losing economic support

  • Fear of being stigmatised

  • Fear of the physical examination

  • Fear of the investigation process and having to tell one's story repeatedly

  • Fear of the assailant

  • Fear that chances of marriage will be ruined

The situation in Botswana

The latest statistics were gathered from a 1999 report.

From 1996 to 1998 the rate of reporting rape increased by 18.3%.

The rate of reporting defilement of girls under 16 years of age increased from 1996 to1998 by 65%.

These statistics do not necessarily mean that rape has increased in Botswana but the rate of reporting to the police has increased, although not near enough to be exact of how many women are raped each year in Botswana or to predict whether the number of women being raped is increasing each year.
What can be done in Botswana?

There are several recommendations.  Some of them are:

Dispel the myths about rape

Encourage family members to discuss rape openly to create a safe environment for women and girls and disclose any harm done to them

Promote zero tolerence for violence against women in any form

Promote believing the victim

Establish support groups and counselling services for survivors of rape and for their families.

Revise the law of rape to include marital rape

Institute extensive training for police officers who will handle cases, especially during times of crisis.

Maintain anonymity of victim, help ensure safety and peace of mind.

There are several other recommendations made in the report of 1999.

 

(Information taken from The report of a Study of Rape in Botswana, Commissioned by the Botswana Police Service Ministry of the State Department, Dec. 1999)

 

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Last modified: June 11, 2002
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